電源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車的(de)(de)附(fu)件，是給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置。它(ta)可以滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)需要，并對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池產(chan)生保護，有效的(de)(de)延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，分為二階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式和三階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式兩(liang)種。

電(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的構造

電(dian)動車(che)充電(dian)器(qi)每只電(dian)壓都(dou)是12V，分12V/10A、12V/12A、12V/17A、12V/20A幾種規格，不管(guan)它(ta)的外(wai)觀體積大小，它(ta)們的內部結構都(dou)一(yi)樣。充電(dian)器(qi)通常由以下幾部分組(zu)成，即正、負極板群，電(dian)解液(ye)，隔板，充電(dian)器(qi)槽(cao)，正、負極極頭及安全閥等(deng)。

1．正、負極板

充電(dian)器正(zheng)(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)被稱為(wei)充電(dian)器的心臟，充電(dian)器的續行(xing)里(li)程和質(zhi)量好壞(huai)和正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)有直接(jie)關(guan)系(xi)。正(zheng)(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)群是產生電(dian)能的主體(ti)部(bu)分，它(ta)在硫(liu)酸(suan)電(dian)解液中進行(xing)氧化還原(yuan)反應。板(ban)(ban)柵一般由鉛(qian)銻合金、鉛(qian)鈣合金組成(cheng)，正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)為(wei)Pb02，顏色(se)為(wei)棕色(se)、棕褐色(se)、紅褐色(se)，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)為(wei)海綿狀金屬，顏色(se)為(wei)灰(hui)色(se)、淺(qian)灰(hui)色(se)、深(shen)灰(hui)色(se)。目前電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)器絕大多數采用涂膏式正(zheng)(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)。極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)群中極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)的數量有11片、13片、15片、17片之分。

2．隔板(ban)

隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)放在(zai)充電器(qi)正負(fu)極(ji)之間，起隔(ge)(ge)離作(zuo)用，防止正、負(fu)極(ji)板(ban)短路，由允許離子穿過的點絕(jue)緣材料構成，具有耐酸性(xing)和耐氧化性(xing)等特點。通常采用的有PE隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)、橡膠隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)、塑料隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)、符合玻璃纖維隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)、AGM隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)等。

3．電解液(ye)

一種電(dian)解液是液態(tai)的(de)，有(you)稀硫酸、純水、氯化(hua)鉀、氯化(hua)鈉、添加(jia)劑等化(hua)學成分。它的(de)作(zuo)用是在(zai)化(hua)學能(neng)轉換為電(dian)能(neng)中(zhong)起(qi)導(dao)電(dian)作(zuo)用并參(can)與電(dian)化(hua)學反應。

4．充電(dian)器槽

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)是容納電(dian)極(ji)和電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)是由(you)硬膠或塑料(liao)制(zhi)成的(de)，具有耐酸、絕(jue)緣、強(qiang)度高等特點。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)依充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設計的(de)容量而定，一般情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量越(yue)大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體積(ji)越(yue)大(da)；充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量越(yue)小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體積(ji)越(yue)小(xiao)。